![]() The punching tool is part of the typical industrial requirement and is usually manufactured by a tool-making company on a contract basis. Punching tools essentially consist of a punch, a die, and the stripper. What is a punch tool? The punching tool represents the technical basis for the separating process of punching and must meet high requirements in terms of load capacity, resistance and dimensional and shape accuracy. The punching tool is used to manufacture flat parts from various materials, for example, sheet metal. Technical basics of the punching process The punching can either be done manually or with the help of modern CNC technology. With manual punching, the sheet to be processed is first placed between the punch and the die. The punch is then guided onto the sheet metal with the aid of hydraulic or leverage with high pressure and cuts it at the interface between the punch and die. CNC punching machines also work according to this principle but carry out the individual process steps largely independently. The manufacturing process is usually divided into the types of shear cutting and wedge cutting, depending on the separation principle. During shear cutting, the pressure surface of the punching tool has a cutting edge that causes cracks to form and ultimately leads to the material tearing through. Wedge cutting, on the other hand, is characterized by two wedge-shaped cutting edges that cut through the sheet metal at a specific cutting wedge angle. Variants for punching tools Revolver punching machines use tools in which the punch sits in a sleeve that completely encloses it. It acts as a tool guide and scraper. The ram presses on the tool from above and drives the punch through the sheet metal. The plunger then moves upwards again by springs. In another variant, the tools are arranged like a matrix in several rows. In contrast to the turret plate, the tool magazine is not moved. Each magazine location has its own ram that can perform the punching process. Stamping tools are often used as progressive tools in complex stamping systems. When bending tools and cutting tools are used together, one speaks of the punching and bending process. Steel strips are unwound from a coil and fed into the hydraulic system; the punched sheets automatically go through a whole series of process steps. Sharp edges are often than ground off by tumbling. Compared to conventional punching tools, fine blanking tools are primarily characterized by the fact that they meet the highest requirements in terms of dimensional and shape accuracy. With the help of fine blanking tools, it is possible to make the cut surface of the workpiece to be machined smooth and free of tears. The associated manufacturing process is usually referred to as fine blanking or precision cutting. A typical area of application for fine blanking tools is the production of components with the highest demands on dimensional accuracy. This includes, for example, gears with modules from 0.2 to 10 mm and thin sheet metal from 1 to 10 mm. Toothed racks or similar machine elements are also manufactured using the fine blanking process due to the high demands. Often the accuracy achieved is so high that no further reworking is necessary. The structure of the fine punching tool differs from the conventional punching tool in that the tool has a special serrated ring plate. This is moved by the outer ram of the press with the upper part, while the cutting punch is actuated in a separate movement by the inner ram. The cutting process is carried out in a tensioned state. In addition to the serrated ring, the cutting gap is of particular importance in fine blanking tools. The cutting gap ensures the particularly smooth surface and is defined depending on the sheet thickness. In principle, triple-acting automatic punching machines are required to operate precision stamping tools.
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AuthorAbby Zhang Archives
August 2021
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